Begoña Echeverria
b.echeverria@ucr.edu
November 20, 2026

I first heard of Francisco Franco from Chevy Chase’s iconic sketch on “Saturday Night Live.” Riffing on repeated NBC news reports on the dictator’s supposedly imminent death for weeks before, “Weekend Update” host Chevy Chase announced Franco’s death, then quoted President Nixon praising Hitler as “a loyal friend and ally of the United States. He earned world-wide respect for Spain through firmness and fairness” – as a photograph of Franco grinning alongside Hitler is displayed. Watching the show on a little black-and-white TV in the kitchen with my mother, Pilarcho, I chuckled at the skit, as my mother held her fist in the air in triumph and scoffed. 

That was 50 years ago. On November 20, 1975, dictator Francisco Franco—or  El Caudillo por la Gracia de Dios, the Head of the Spanish State and the Head of the Government by the Grace of God, his preferred title—was finally dead. I recall no discussion of this momentous event with my mother after the skit was over. Ama did not elaborate on who Franco was, or why she was happy he was gone. And it would be decades before I would broach the subject again, not because I was afraid to or uninterested. It just never occurred to me. It was as if that gesture of defiance was all that my mother needed for closure. Perhaps that’s true. But when I did get curious about this dark chapter in Spanish and Basque history, when Franco ruled from 1939-1975, Ama didn’t have that much to say. No specifics, anyway. Maybe that’s not unusual. Like many immigrants, perhaps my mother had decided not to dwell on the more unsavory aspects of her country of origin. Or maybe Ama didn’t say much about Franco because his oppression didn’t impinge on her daily life. Possibly her life was not very different from that of her mother and grandmother before her, so there may not have been noticeable interruptions to her life experiences that she could attribute to the dictatorship. As a girl, she worked alongside her family on the baserri; as a young woman, she worked as a maid at a hotel/restaurant. Then she married my father, moved to America, and started a family. Never did she complain (at least to me) about the “traditional” strictures placed upon her.

And yet.

I wonder what Ama’s life would have been like had she not grown up during the Franco regime. For his triumph in the Spanish Civil War reversed policies of the short-lived Second Democratic Republic (1931-1936) that greatly expanded women’s rights. Alongside men, they were given the right to a free public education, the right to vote and the possibility of (civil) divorce for the first time. But the opportunities came to an abrupt end when Franco won the war on April 1, 1939. Rather than a democratic republic aspiring to expand the rights of women, “True Catholic Womanhood” reigned supreme. Women were extorted to focus on raising patriotic children for the Fatherland, to sublimate their own aspirations to support those of their men, and discouraged from pursuing university educations.[1]

Whether Ama ever felt the lack of prospects ushered in by Franco’s policies and politics, she did not let on. But I sometimes feel anger on her behalf – and on behalf of all the girls and women of Spain, in the Basque Country and beyond – for the freedoms and opportunities denied them by Franco and his minions. I channeled these feelings into lyrics I wrote for “Ama” in my play, “Picasso Presents Gernika.”  As readers of this blog likely know, Franco allowed Hitler—with assistance from Mussolini—to bomb Gernika on April 26, 1937. It was the first aerial bombing of a civilian target, and understandably, parents sent their children abroad for safe-keeping: 20,000 in all.[2]

In the 1990s while living in Donostia, I met a British woman whose father had been among the 4,000 children evacuated to England, along with his brother. Eventually, their mother called for the brother to return to Spain, but not my friend’s father. He never learned why. Based on this story, in my play a mother sends her son and daughter to England after the bombing of Gernika. She eventually calls her son home, but leaves her daughter Andrea (“woman,” in Basque) in England, believing her daughter will have a better life under a democracy than a dictatorship. It is only at the end of the play that Andrea learns this. Below is an English version of lyrics I originally wrote in Basque. 

1. He Let Them Bomb Gernika
Music and Fiddle: Belinda Thom
Lyrics & Vocals: Begoña Echeverria
Instruments, Production, & Mixing: Mario Verlangieri

He let them bomb Gernika
The bombs they killed my husband
I was left a poor widow
Me and my children

England sent El Habana
To sail our children away
I sent away my son and daughter
Will I ever see them again?

Oh, Blessed Mother
I leave my children in your arms
Protect them, and keep my children strong
Oh, Blessed Mother
Protect my children, keep them strong
Until they can come home

Franco killed our democracy
World War II began
England feared for its own children
And wanted to send ours back home

Franco took away our rights
Specially from girls and women
I called my son home, but left my daughter
Will you have a better life out there?

On February 20, 2022, “Picasso Presents Gernika” was staged at United Nations headquarters in New York City to commemorate World Refugee Day. It was the first and only time a live performance was staged in the venue, which can be viewed here: https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k15/k15cv08mlb. Along with my co-writers Annika Speer and Jacqueline Postajian, I am working on a short film, “Children of Guernica,” which explores Andrea’s trauma and the healing she receives from her work as an art therapist for refugee children. (I invite you to consider making a tax-deductible donation toward the making of this film. Shooting begins in December and we hope to complete the film in 2026, funds permitting: https://creative-visions.networkforgood.com/projects/243481-children-of-guernica-s-fundraiser.)

Picasso famously proclaimed that he would not allow Guernica to be exhibited in Spain so long as Franco ruled as dictator. Almost as famously, he did not live long enough to see this happen: he died two years before Franco. But Picasso did experience Franco’s effrontery with regard to Guernica: In 1969, Franco called for the mural to be “returned” to Spain, as if the mural belonged to him.[3] Perhaps more insidiously, soon after allowing Gernika to be bombed, Franco falsely claimed that the Spanish Republican government – which included Communists and Basques – had destroyed Gernika. Franco’s war against truth soon turned to political violence against select groups of individuals. As suggested in “He Had Them Bomb Gernika,” Franco wasted no time in stripping women and girls of political rights they had briefly been bestowed during the Second Republic. But Franco’s political violence against women was particularly brutal. For decades, the Franco regime stole babies born to women he considered his political enemies – telling them their babies had died in childbirth – and gave the babies to his supporters. This was discovered when a reporter for the Spanish newspaper El Pais visited the grave of his sister, who – he had been told – had died decades before as a baby. He found the grave empty. (These and other violations of human rights committed by the Franco regime are investigated in the 2017 documentary, “The Silence of Others.”)

Franco never forgot that the Basque provinces of Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia allied with the democratic forces against him during the Spanish Civil War, and welcomed the chance to humiliate his Basque adversaries. On September 18, 1970, he presided over the Basque World championship for pilota in Donostia (San Sebastian), as if he had done nothing wrong. Incensed at Franco’s appearance at the Basques’ de facto national sport, Joseba Elosegi set himself on fire and threw himself from the second balcony, yelling “Gora Euskadi askatua!” (Long live a free Basque Country!). After seventeen days in a coma, Elosegi was sentenced to seven years in prison. (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseba_Elósegui). 

These instances, a few among so many, inspired the following song:

2. Francisco Franco You’re A Bad Bad Man
Lyrics & Vocals: Begoña Echeverria
Music based on “Death Don’t Have No Mercy In This Land” by Blind Gary Davis, adapted by Mario Verlangieri and Begoña Echeverria
Instruments, Production, & Mixing: Mario Verlangieri

Francisco Franco you a bad bad man 
You said, “Hitler baby can I give ya a hand?”           
You can try out your bombs on the Basque land 
Francisco Franco you a bad bad man 

Francisco Franco a conscience you lacked 
You said was the Reds behind the attack 
But hey, Pablo baby, gimme Guernica back 
Francisco, a conscience you did lack 

Francisco Franco took away our rights 
Wrapping yourself up in Vatican white 
You said baby girl, with you I got no fight 
But, Francisco, you took away our rights 

Francisco Franco you ain’t got no shame 
You came just to watch a pilota game 
I was so incensed, I set myself aflame 
Francisco Franco ain’t you got no shame? 

Francisco Franco: oh, the lies that you spread  
I had me a baby, ya told me it was dead 
But ya gave it away, so it wouldn’t be Red 
Francisco Franco: oh, the lies that you spread 

Francisco Franco, asto pitua zen

Conclusion

Writing and singing these songs has been a cathartic experience for me. Even though my mother rarely mentioned Franco or complained of the privations his policies imposed upon her, I take retroactive umbrage in her stead, as she is no longer with us.  And rejoice that Francisco Franco is STILL dead.

Beharrik.

Works Cited

[1] Morcillo, Aurora. True Catholic Motherhood: Gender Ideology in Franco’s Spain. Northern Illinois University Press: Dekalb, 2000.

[2] Legarreta, Dorothy.  The Guernica Generation: Basque Refugee Children of the Spanish Civil War. University of Nevada Press: Reno, 1984.

[3] “Franco Favors the Return Of Picasso and ‘Guernica.’” New York Times. October 28, 1969.